A stockholder's equity account that represents the cumulative net income (and loss) that has not been distributed to the stockholders is called:

In its first year of operations, sunland company recognized $30,000 in service revenue, $8,100 of which was on account and still outstanding at year-end. the remaining $21,900 was received in cash from customers. the company incurred operating expenses of $18,600. of these expenses, $12,880 were paid in cash; $5,720 was still owed on account at year-end. in addition, sunland prepaid $3,270 for insurance coverage that would not be used until the second year of operations. (a) calculate the first year's net earnings under the cash basis of accounting, and the first year's net earnings under the accrual basis of accounting.

Financial markets and channel to . they also channel money from individuals who want to for the future to those who need cash to spend today. a third function of financial markets is to allow individuals and businesses to adjust their risk. for example, , such as the vanguard index fund, and , such as spdr's or “spiders,” allow individuals to spread their risk across a large number of stocks. financial markets provide other mechanisms for sharing risks. for example, a wheat farmer and a baker may use the to reduce their exposure to wheat prices. financial markets and intermediaries allow investors to turn an investment into cash when needed. for example, the of public companies are because they are traded in huge volumes on the . are the main providers of payment services by offering checking accounts and electronic transfers. finally, financial markets provide information. for example, the of a company that is contemplating an issue of debt can look at the yields on existing to gauge how much interest the company will need to pay.

In the united states, the most common form of business is the and the form of business that generates most of the sales and profits is the