Use the following scenario for questions 1 through 4: Shopping malls are more than the places where we buy things. We go to malls to watch movies; buy breakfast, lunch, and dinner; exercise; meet friends; and, in general, to socialize. News media, however, reports that the amount of time spent at malls has decreased over the past three years. To test this assertion, a sociologist collected data from a sample of 100 random mall shoppers and asked a variety of questions. The same survey was first conducted 3 years ago with another random sample of 100 shoppers. In both surveys, respondents were asked to report the number of hours they spend in malls during an average week. The data were stored in the excel data file in the following way (this is just a subset of data provided as an illustration):

In march 2012, the state of california started requiring that all packaging for food and drink with the additive 4-methylimidazole (4-mi) be clearly labeled with a cancer warning. because of this, both pepsi and coke changed their formula to eliminate 4-mi as an ingredient. if pepsi and coke did not change their formula, holding all else constant, what would have happened to the demand for these goods, assuming pepsi and coke were in a competitive market? a. the demand curve for both pepsi and coke would have shifted to the right, causing the price of both products to decrease and the profits for the companies to fall. b. the demand curve for pepsi and coke would have remained unchanged, but the price of both products would have decreased and the profits for the companies would have fallen. c. the demand curve for pepsi and coke would have decreased, but the prices and profits would not have changed. d. the demand curve for only one of them would change because pepsi and coke are substitutes. e. the demand curve for pepsi and coke would have shifted to the left, causing the price of both products to decrease and the profits for both companies to fall.