Assume a Japanese firm invoices exports to the U. S. in U. S. dollars. Assume that the forward rate and spot rate of the Japanese yen are equal. If the Japanese firm expects the U. S. dollar to against the yen, it would likely wish to hedge. It could hedge by dollars forward.

A) depreciate; buying
B) depreciate; selling
C) appreciate; selling
D) appreciate; buying

Amachine purchased three years ago for $720,000 has a current book value using straight-line depreciation of $400,000: its operating expenses are $60,000 per year. a replacement machine would cost $480,000, have a useful life of nine years, and would require $26,000 per year in operating expenses. it has an expected salvage value of $130,000 after nine years. the current disposal value of the old machine is $170,000: if it is kept 9 more years, its residual value would be $20,000. calculate the total costs in keeping the old machine and purchase a new machine. should the old machine be replaced?

The impact fiscal multiplier is a. usually estimated to have an average value of 2. b. usually estimated to have an average value of 0. c. the actual immediate multiplier effect of a fiscal policy action after taking into consideration direct fiscal offsets and other short-term crowding out of private spending. d. the multiplier effect of a fiscal policy action that applies to a long-run period after all influences on equilibrium real gdp have been taken into account.

Which of the following is a problem for the production of public goods?