Fred lives in the United States and is interested in purchasing a crate of Trappist Westvleteren 12, a beer brewed by Belgian monks. The beer costs €40. Additionally, the beer is only sold at the monastery gates to customers who have made a reservation by telephone and who agree not to resell the beer to any third party. The costs of acquiring Westvleteren 12 above and beyond the €40 that would change hands for the purchase are called a. Private costs b. External costs c. Transaction costs d. Side bargains

Njuly, noel & vang company purchased materials costing $23,100 and incurred direct labor cost of $19,800. manufacturing overhead totaled $35,200 for the month. information on inventories was as follows: july 1 july 31 materials $6,820 $7,810 work in process 770 1,320 finished goods 3,630 2,970 what was the cost of goods sold for july? a. $71,300 b. $71,100 c. $69,600 d. $77,220

The treasurer for pittsburgh iron works wishes to use financial futures to hedge her interest rate exposure. she will sell five treasury futures contracts at $139,000 per contract. it is july and the contracts must be closed out in december of this year. long-term interest rates are currently 7.30 percent. if they increase to 9.50 percent, assume the value of the contracts will go down by 20 percent. also if interest rates do increase by 2.2 percent, assume the firm will have additional interest expense on its business loans and other commitments of $149,000. this expense, of course, will be separate from the futures contracts. a. what will be the profit or loss on the futures contract if interest rates increase to 9.50 percent by december when the contract is closed out

Sauer food company has decided to buy a new computer system with an expected life of three years. the cost is $440,000. the company can borrow $440,000 for three years at 14 percent annual interest or for one year at 12 percent annual interest. assume interest is paid in full at the end of each year. a. how much would sauer food company save in interest over the three-year life of the computer system if the one-year loan is utilized and the loan is rolled over (reborrowed) each year at the same 12 percent rate? compare this to the 14 percent three-year loan.