Imputed interest rules apply to term loans or demand loans in which the interest rate is less than the Applicable Federal Rate (AFR). Which of the following transactions does not fall under these rules? Assume in all situations that interest is below the AFR.
a) Gift loans of $14,000 in which interest foregone is in the form of a gift.
b) Loans in which a principal purpose is to avoid tax.
c) Loans in which the below-market or interest-free loan would have a significant effect on the tax liability of the borrower or lender.
d) Both Gift loans of $14,000 in which interest foregone is in the form of a gift and Loans in which a principal purpose is to avoid tax.

Alamar petroleum company offers its employees the option of contributing retirement funds up to 5% of their wages or salaries, with the contribution being matched by alamar. the company also pays 80% of medical and life insurance premiums. deductions relating to these plans and other payroll information for the first biweekly payroll period of february are listed as follows: wages and salaries $ 2,800,000 employee contribution to voluntary retirement plan 92,000 medical insurance premiums 50,000 life insurance premiums 9,800 federal income taxes to be withheld 480,000 local income taxes to be withheld 61,000 payroll taxes: federal unemployment tax rate 0.60 % state unemployment tax rate (after futa deduction) 5.40 % social security tax rate 6.20 % medicare tax rate 1.45 % required: prepare the appropriate journal entries to record salaries and wages expense and payroll tax expense for the biweekly pay period. assume that no employee's cumulative wages exceed the relevant wage bases for social security, and that all employees' cumulative wages do exceed the relevant unemployment wage bases.