An older adult client had been admitted with a diagnosis of emphysema and COPD, and the client has been experiencing shortness of breath and low SaO2 levels evidenced by pallor and a SaO2 reading of 88%. What would be an appropriate nursing diagnosis for this client

Reliability and validity reliability and validity are two important considerations that must be made with any type of data collection. reliability refers to the ability to consistently produce a given result. in the context of psychological research, this would mean that any instruments or tools used to collect data do so in consistent, reproducible ways. unfortunately, being consistent in measurement does not necessarily mean that you have measured something correctly. to illustrate this concept, consider a kitchen scale that would be used to measure the weight of cereal that you eat in the morning. if the scale is not properly calibrated, it may consistently under- or overestimate the amount of cereal that’s being measured. while the scale is highly reliable in producing consistent results (e.g., the same amount of cereal poured onto the scale produces the same reading each time), those results are incorrect. this is where validity comes into play. validity refers to the extent to which a given instrument or tool accurately measures what it’s supposed to measure. while any valid measure is by necessity reliable, the reverse is not necessarily true. researchers strive to use instruments that are both highly reliable and valid.

Levine inc., which produces a single product, has prepared the following standard cost sheet for one unit of the product. direct materials (9 pounds at $1.80 per pound) $16.20 direct labor (6 hours at $14.00 per hour) $84.00 during the month of april, the company manufactures 270 units and incurs the following actual costs. direct materials purchased and used (2,500 pounds) $5,000 direct labor (1,660 hours) $22,908 compute the total, price, and quantity variances for materials and labor.

The following accounts are from last year’s books at s manufacturing: raw materials bal 0 (b) 157,400 (a) 172,500 15,100 work in process bal 0 (f) 523,600 (b) 133,700 (c) 171,400 (e) 218,500 0 finished goods bal 0 (g) 477,000 (f) 523,600 46,600 manufacturing overhead (b) 23,700 (e) 218,500 (c) 27,700 (d) 159,400 7,700 cost of goods sold (g) 477,000 s manufacturing uses job-order costing and applies manufacturing overhead to jobs based on direct labor costs. what is the amount of cost of goods manufactured for the year