Eric has plans to go to a play and already has a $50 nonrefundable, nonexchangeable, and nontransferable ticket. Now Ginny, whom Eric has wanted to date for a long time, asks him to a concert. Eric would prefer to go to the concert with Ginny and forgo the play, but he doesn't want to waste the $50 he spent on the play ticket.

From the perspective of an economist, if Eric decides to go to the concert with Ginny, what has he just done?

a. Made a choice that was not optimal

b. Correctly ignored a sunk cost

c. Incorrectly allowed a sunk cost to influence his decision

Reliability and validity reliability and validity are two important considerations that must be made with any type of data collection. reliability refers to the ability to consistently produce a given result. in the context of psychological research, this would mean that any instruments or tools used to collect data do so in consistent, reproducible ways. unfortunately, being consistent in measurement does not necessarily mean that you have measured something correctly. to illustrate this concept, consider a kitchen scale that would be used to measure the weight of cereal that you eat in the morning. if the scale is not properly calibrated, it may consistently under- or overestimate the amount of cereal that’s being measured. while the scale is highly reliable in producing consistent results (e.g., the same amount of cereal poured onto the scale produces the same reading each time), those results are incorrect. this is where validity comes into play. validity refers to the extent to which a given instrument or tool accurately measures what it’s supposed to measure. while any valid measure is by necessity reliable, the reverse is not necessarily true. researchers strive to use instruments that are both highly reliable and valid.

The management of a supermarket wants to adopt a new promotional policy of giving a free gift to every customer who spends > a certain amount per visit at this supermarket. the expectation of the management is that after this promotional policy is advertised, the expenditures for all customers at this supermarket will be normally distributed with a mean of $95 and a standard deviation of $20. if the management wants to give free gifts to at most 10% of the customers, what should the amount be above which a customer would receive a free gift?

Ryngard corp's sales last year were $38,000, and its total assets were $16,000. what was its total assets turnover ratio (tato)? a. 2.04b. 2.14c. 2.26d. 2.38e. 2.49