In certain African countries like Niger, Tanzania, Nigeria, and Sudan, for example, GDP per capita at the start of the 2000s was still less than $.

$ 300

Explanation:

GDP per capita is an economic measure of a country's output. It is an economic measurement parameter that takes into consideration the number of people. It is obtained by dividing the country's GDP by the total population of people in that country. As such, it a precise measure of a country's standard of living. It also serves as an indication of a country's wealth from the perspective of the people. It represents somewhat the purchasing power of the average citizen of a country

Mathematically represented thus:

GDP per capita = GDP / Population

At the start of the 2000s, the average citizen of these countries had a purchasing power of less than $ 300

answer; bootstrapping is your answer;

answer; someone must cover the cost associated with the provision of scarce goods in both sectors;