11) Outside the relevant range, variable costs, such as direct material costs . A) will not change proportionately with changes in production volumes B) will decrease proportionately with changes in sales volumes C) will remain the same with changes in production volumes D) will increase proportionately with changes in sales volumes

Aprice ceiling is “binding” if the price ceiling is set below the equilibrium price. suppose that the equilibrium price is $5. if a price ceiling is set at $6, this will not affect the market in any way since $5 remains a legally allowable price (since $5 < $6). a price ceiling of $6 is called a “non-binding” price ceiling. on the other hand, if the price ceiling is set at $4, the price ceiling is “binding” because the natural equilibrium price is $5 but that is no longer allowed. what happens when there is a binding price ceiling? at a price below the equilibrium price, quantity demanded exceeds quantity supplied. there is a shortage. normally, price increases eliminate shortages by increasing quantity supplied and decreasing quantity demanded. in this case, however, price increases are not allowed past the price ceiling. we therefore predict that the observed market price will be right at the price ceiling and there will be a permanent shortage. the observed quantity bought and sold will be dictated by the quantity supplied at the price ceiling. although consumers would like to buy more, there are no more units for sale

At the end of year 2, retained earnings for the baker company was $3,550. revenue earned by the company in year 2 was $3,800, expenses paid during the period were $2,000, and dividends paid during the period were $1,400. based on this information alone, retained earnings at the beginning of year 2 was:

The manda panda company uses the allowance method to account for bad debts. at the beginning of 2018, the allowance account had a credit balance of $92,400. credit sales for 2018 totaled $3,190,000 and the year-end accounts receivable balance was $507,500. during this year, $88,500 in receivables were determined to be uncollectible. manda panda anticipates that 3% of all credit sales will ultimately become uncollectible. the fiscal year ends on december 31. required: 1. does this situation describe a loss contingency? 2. what is the bad debt expense that manda panda should report in its 2018 income statement? 3. prepare the appropriate journal entry to record the contingency. 4. complete the table below to calculate the net realizable value manda panda should report in its 2018 balance sheet?