Suppose you could impose a perfectly enforceable carbon tax either upstream onproducers (e. g., Exxon pays a tax when it extracts petroleum) or downstream onconsumers (e. g., consumers pay the tax when they fill up their car with gasoline).

If the tax is imposed upstream versus downstream, economic theory predicts that this will lead to the same allocation of abatement activity, but it will change who bears the burden (incidence).

a. True
b. False

Afirm's before-tax cost of debt, rd, is the interest rate that the firm must pay on debt. because interest is tax deductible, the relevant cost of debt used to calculate a firm's wacc is the cost of debt, rd (1 – t). the cost of debt is used in calculating the wacc because we are interested in maximizing the value of the firm's stock, and the stock price depends on cash flows. it is important to emphasize that the cost of debt is the interest rate on debt, not debt because our primary concern with the cost of capital is its use in capital budgeting decisions. the rate at which the firm has borrowed in the past is because we need to know the cost of capital. for these reasons, the on outstanding debt (which reflects current market conditions) is a better measure of the cost of debt than the . the on the company's -term debt is generally used to calculate the cost of debt because more often than not, the capital is being raised to fund -term projects. quantitative problem: 5 years ago, barton industries issued 25-year noncallable, semiannual bonds with a $1,600 face value and a 8% coupon, semiannual payment ($64 payment every 6 months). the bonds currently sell for $845.87. if the firm's marginal tax rate is 40%, what is the firm's after-tax cost of debt? round your answer to 2 decimal places. do not round intermediate calcu

Choose a well-known company that you know of, and describe its direct and indirect competitors. choose a well-known company that you know of, and describe its direct and indirect competitors. describe at least three direct competitors and three indirect competitors.at least three direct competitors and three indirect competitors.

Which of the following does not use any type of computer code in their work? a. web designer b. database administrator c. information security d. computer user support