For an output level below qe, the value of a unit to a buyer is the cost of a unit to a seller. suppose a firm that produces for this market is able to dump toxic chemicals into a river next to its factory, which poisons wildlife and harms the health of nearby residents, who have no business with the company. this scenario is characterized by , which is an example of .

an externality, market failure

Explanation:

The company in this case has a par production because the cost to the seller is the same as the benefit to the buyer. Now the company is dumping chemicals that are affecting people in the community that do not patronise them. The chemicals cause poisoning of wildlife and harms health of nearby residents.

This characterised an externality that is the dumping of chemicals affecting the residents in the community.

It is also a market failure because while the company is not making profit they are also harming the society where they operate.

107x106 is the answer