On January 1, a company purchased a five-year insurance policy for $3,700 with coverage starting immediately. If the purchase was recorded in the Prepaid Insurance account, and the company records adjustments only at year-end, the adjusting entry at the end of the first year is:

a. debit Insurance Expense, $740; credit Prepaid Insurance $740
b. debit Prepaid Insurance, $3,700; credit Cash, $3,700
c. debit Prepaid Insurance, $2,960; credit Insurance Expense, $2,960
d. debit Insurance Expense, $740; credit Prepaid Insurance $2,960
e. debit Prepaid Insurance, $740; credit Insurance Expense, $740

Computing depreciation, net book value, and gain or loss on asset sale lynch company owns and operates a delivery van that originally cost $46,400. lynch has recorded straight-line depreciation on the van for four years, calculated assuming a $5,000 expected salvage value at the end of its estimated six-year useful life. depreciation was last recorded at the end of the fourth year, at which time lynch disposes of this van. compute the net bookvalue of the van on the disposal date.

Reliability and validity reliability and validity are two important considerations that must be made with any type of data collection. reliability refers to the ability to consistently produce a given result. in the context of psychological research, this would mean that any instruments or tools used to collect data do so in consistent, reproducible ways. unfortunately, being consistent in measurement does not necessarily mean that you have measured something correctly. to illustrate this concept, consider a kitchen scale that would be used to measure the weight of cereal that you eat in the morning. if the scale is not properly calibrated, it may consistently under- or overestimate the amount of cereal that’s being measured. while the scale is highly reliable in producing consistent results (e.g., the same amount of cereal poured onto the scale produces the same reading each time), those results are incorrect. this is where validity comes into play. validity refers to the extent to which a given instrument or tool accurately measures what it’s supposed to measure. while any valid measure is by necessity reliable, the reverse is not necessarily true. researchers strive to use instruments that are both highly reliable and valid.

Here are the expected cash flows for three projects: cash flows (dollars) project year: 0 1 2 3 4 a − 6,100 + 1,275 + 1,275 + 3,550 0 b − 2,100 0 + 2,100 + 2,550 + 3,550 c − 6,100 + 1,275 + 1,275 + 3,550 + 5,550 a. what is the payback period on each of the projects? b. if you use a cutoff period of 2 years, which projects would you accept?