Suppose that legally, people own the right to clean air. That is, it is illegal for factories to emit toxic gases into the atmosphere. (Or, in other words, the right to clean air has been assigned to citizens rather than factories.) Thus, legally factories would need to either abate pollution or pay people for the damage to the air. Either case would be expected to internalize the cost of pollution and reach an optimal level of output.

Which of the following is the most likely reason that private markets may not reach this optimal solution?

a. Transaction costs may be too high.

b. There is no incentive to have clean air.

c. The assignment of property rights is not efficient.

d. The assignment of property rights is not fair.

Shareholders of tesla recently expressed concerns that elon musk should give up some of his power on tesla's board by appointing two independent directors. which of the following is not a reason why elon musk is perceived to have significant power over tesla's board? 1. he is the founder of the firm and a successful entrepreneur, thus board members may be hesitant to challenge him.2. as the ceo and chairman of the firm he can easily determine what the board should discuss and how it should vote on strategic issues.3. all board members, except for kimbal, have been appointed to the board during elon's tenure.4. many of the firm's directors are outsider investment managers whose interests would not be aligned with those of firms' shareholders.

Astock is selling today for $50 per share. at the end of the year, it pays a dividend of $3 per share and sells for $58. a. what is the total rate of return on the stock? (enter your answer as a whole percent.) b. what are the dividend yield and percentage capital gain? (enter your answers as a whole percent.) c. now suppose the year-end stock price after the dividend is paid is $42. what are the dividend yield and percentage capital gain in this case? (negative amounts should be indicated by a minus sign. enter your answers as a whole percent.)

Ajax corp's sales last year were $435,000, its operating costs were $362,500, and its interest charges were $12,500. what was the firm's times-interest-earned (tie) ratio? a. 4.72b. 4.97c. 5.23d. 5.51e. 5.80