Value-stream mapping. a. is a variation of time-function mapping. b. examines the supply chain to determine where value is added. c. extends time function mapping back to the supplier. d. starts with the customer and works backwards. e. All of these are true.

Reliability and validity reliability and validity are two important considerations that must be made with any type of data collection. reliability refers to the ability to consistently produce a given result. in the context of psychological research, this would mean that any instruments or tools used to collect data do so in consistent, reproducible ways. unfortunately, being consistent in measurement does not necessarily mean that you have measured something correctly. to illustrate this concept, consider a kitchen scale that would be used to measure the weight of cereal that you eat in the morning. if the scale is not properly calibrated, it may consistently under- or overestimate the amount of cereal that’s being measured. while the scale is highly reliable in producing consistent results (e.g., the same amount of cereal poured onto the scale produces the same reading each time), those results are incorrect. this is where validity comes into play. validity refers to the extent to which a given instrument or tool accurately measures what it’s supposed to measure. while any valid measure is by necessity reliable, the reverse is not necessarily true. researchers strive to use instruments that are both highly reliable and valid.

Retirement investment advisors, inc., has just offered you an annual interest rate of 4.4 percent until you retire in 40 years. you believe that interest rates will increase over the next year and you would be offered 5 percent per year one year from today. if you plan to deposit $13,000 into the account either this year or next year, how much more will you have when you retire if you wait one year to make your deposit?

The five steps to financial success a. five money myths b. five foundations