A sudden increase in inflation, ceteris paribus, a. Raises the real income of lenders relative to borrowers. b. Raises the CPI and reduces real income. c. Reduces the nominal income of those who have constant real incomes. d. Makes everyone worse off.

Raises the CPI and reduces real income.

Explanation:

Inflation is a sustained rise in the general price level of the goods and services in an economy during a particular period. It is usually expressed as a percentage. Inflation leads to a reduction in the purchasing power of a country's currency.

Real income reduces because a rise in the price level with nominal income constant reduces the purchasing power of money. People holding real assets are better off than people who are holding cash.

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