James tells Jennie that if she can find him an original painting by G. Harvey, signed with a No. 1, he will reimburse her up to $2,500. If Jennie finds such a painting, presents it to James, and he refuses to pay, she can recover under the doctrine of:

The common stock and debt of northern sludge are valued at $65 million and $35 million, respectively. investors currently require a return of 15.9% on the common stock and a return of 7.8% on the debt. if northern sludge issues an additional $14 million of common stock and uses this money to retire debt, what happens to the expected return on the stock? assume that the change in capital structure does not affect the interest rate on northern’s debt and that there are no taxes.