"While standing on a bank you wish to spear a fish in front of you. Would you aim above, below, or directly at the observed fish to make a direct hit? If, on the other hand, you wished to zap the fish with a laser beam of the same color as the fish, how would you aim? 1. None of these 2. Below; directly at 3. Below; above 4. Above; above 5. Above; below"

To spear the fish you would need to aim below the observed fish to

make a direct hit -Therefore, in order to strike the fish you should aim below where the  fish appears to be. -Answer is( 2) Below; directly

With a laser, you would aim directly at the fish -Answer is (1) none of the above

Explanation:

"In both cases, of course, the light coming from the fish is refracted

away from the normal as it travels through the water surface to your

eyes. As a result, the fish appears closer to the surface than it

really is.

(a) If you are using a bow and arrow to spear the fish you

should realize that the arrow will not deviate as it enters the water;

it will continue along the original straight line path from the bow.

Therefore, in order to strike the fish you should aim below where the

fish appears to be. -Answer is( 2) Below; directly

(b) When you use a laser gun to zap  the fish then you should realize

that the beam will be refracted as it enters the water. In fact, the

laser beam will travel along exactly the same path as the light from

the fish (although in the opposite direction!). Therefore, in order to

hit the fish you should aim you laser gun directly where the fish

appears to be."-Answer is (1) none of the above