The Pension Fund buys an insurance contract that will pay 20 million if either bond is downgraded to C. If both bonds are downgraded the contract still pays 20; if neither is downgraded the contract pays nothing. Find the expected value of the payoff of the insurance contract.

Which of the following statements is correct? stockholders should generally be happier than bondholders to have managers invest in risky projects with high potential returns as opposed to safe projects with lower expected returns. potential conflicts between stockholders and bondholders are increased if a firm's bonds are convertible into its common stock. takeovers are most likely to be attempted if the target firm’s stock price is above its intrinsic value. one advantage of operating a business as a corporation is that stockholders can deduct their pro rata share of the taxes the firm pays, thereby eliminating the double taxation investors would face in a partnership.