All of the following are benefits of new product development to a firm except:
reducing the costs of production.
satisfying the changing needs of current and new customers.
avoiding market saturation from products that have been on the market for a long time.
creating diversification and reducing risk.
keeping up in a market with short product life cycles where sales come mostly from new products.

Laws corporation is considering the purchase of a machine costing $16,000. estimated cash savings from using the new machine are $4,120 per year. the machine will have no salvage value at the end of its useful life of six years and the required rate of return for laws corporation is 12%. the machine's internal rate of return is closest to (ignore income taxes) (a) 12% (b) 14% (c) 16% (d) 18%

What is the sequence of events that could lead to trade surplus

Fortress international, a large conglomerate, procures a few component parts from external suppliers and also manufactures some of the key raw materials in its own subsidiaries. aside from this, the company does not solely depend on outside distributors to reach its customers. in fact, it has its own retail stores to distribute its products. in this scenario, which of the following alternatives to vertical integration is fortress international applying? a. concentric integration b. taper integration c. horizontal integration d. conglomerate integration