In some industries, the labor productivity of union workers exceeds the labor productivity of nonunion workers. Which of the following might help explain the higher productivity of union workers? Check all that apply. Labor unions enable workers to voice concerns about working conditions and safety issues, making them more confident and less intimidated by their employers and thus more productive. Higher union wage rates allow companies to attract more highly skilled workers. Unions are always more efficient than firms at discerning which workers are highly skilled and which are not. Labor unions foster a more stable work force, decreasing turnover.

Sailcloth & more currently produces boat sails and is considering expanding its operations to include awnings for homes and travel trailers. the company owns land beside its current manufacturing facility that could be used for the expansion. the company bought this land 5 years ago at a cost of $319,000. at the time of purchase, the company paid $24,000 to level out the land so it would be suitable for future use. today, the land is valued at $295,000. the company has some unused equipment that it currently owns valued at $38,000. this equipment could be used for producing awnings if $12,000 is spent for equipment modifications. other equipment costing $490,000 will also be required. what is the amount of the initial cash flow for this expansion project?