Ellen, who runs a successful nail salon, ran across a very interesting pamphlet on customer relations. The pamphlet was fifty pages long and costed $70.00. Ellen thought the price was outrageous. Accordingly, she bought one copy and photocopied the pages that she thought were pertinent and gave them to her employees. She copied forty of the pages out of the pamphlet for each of twenty employees. A disgruntled employee informed the publisher of the pamphlet what Ellen had done, and she was charged with copyright infringement. Ellen defended on the basis of the fair use doctrine.

1. List the four factors a court would consider in determining whether a violation occurred. Also, give your reasoned opinion as to whether Ellen is entitled to fair-use protection.