Steven managed an auto parts store in the 1990s. At that time, stock-outs—failureto have the parts auto mechanics needed to do their work that day—increased the likelihood of the mechanics becoming customers of competing auto supply stores. To avoid this problem and keep his business customers, Steven most likely

A. canceled orders and shifted the business to competitors.
B. increased promotional outlays to overcome customer dissatisfaction.
C. used exclusive geographic territories to reduce supply chain inefficiencies.
D. stockpiled inventory, adding to the cost of providing auto parts.
E. returned to traditional distribution center logistics