"If a company has the optimal amount of debt, then the:

A) direct financial distress costs must equal the present value of the interest tax shield.
B) value of the levered company will exceed the value of the unlevered company.
C) company has no financial distress costs.
D) Value of the firm is equal to VL + TCD.
E) debt-equity ratio is equal to 1."

Describe how to write a main idea expressed as a bottom-line statement

The usa today reports that the average expenditure on valentine's day is $100.89. do male and female consumers differ in the amounts they spend? the average expenditure in a sample survey of 47 male consumers was $135.67, and the average expenditure in a sample survey of 38 female consumers was $68.64. based on past surveys, the standard deviation for male consumers is assumed to be $34, and the standard deviation for female consumers is assumed to be $17.

Firms like papa john’s, domino’s, and pizza hut sell pizza and other products that are differentiated in nature. while numerous pizza chains exist in most locations, the differentiated nature of these firms’ products permits them to charge prices above marginal cost. given these observations, is the pizza industry most likely a monopoly, perfectly competitive, monopolistically competitive, or an oligopoly industry?