In recent years, the United States has Multiple Choice exported more services abroad than it has imported. had a small goods trade surplus with Japan. had a large goods trade surplus with the rest of the world. maintained an overall trade surplus (goods and services combined) with the rest of the world.

Afarmer is an example of what kind of producer?

Sabrina gupta, an investment advisor with a major brokerage firm, was examining wal-mart stores, inc. (wal-mart) stock and its valuation. gupta wondered whether to recommend the stock to any of her new clients or to existing clients who did not currently have wal-mart in their portfolios.her key task was to use an intrinsic value approach to price the shares and to then compare the resulting price with the price at which the stock was traded in the market. gupta wanted to use alternative valuation methods and assumptions to produce intrinsic value estimates for wal-mart stock.she was interested in seeing if the alternative methods would point to a consensus regarding the valuation of the stock and to see if the valuations suggested an investment opportunity given the current market price. methods she contemplated to use were: multi-stage growth modelprice earnings multiplemost valuation methods gupta considered required a common set of inputs: future cash flows to wal-mart investorsgrowth rate of future cash flowsdiscount factor or required rate of return by wal-mart investorsgupta gathered data to determine each of the above.gupta thought that dividends to wal-mart shareholders would adequately capture the cash flows to wal-mart shareholders; she also thought that this approach would simplify her task and she would revisit more complex valuation models if she felt the need.gupta thought that capm would provide her a relatively reliable estimate of the required rate of return. capm based required rate of return can be estimated by using a risk free rate, systematic risk of the firm and equity market risk premium. gupta thought that in a valuation exercise that involve long term cash flows, 10-year government bond yield would be an appropriate risk free rate of return estimate. she checked the 10 year note rate and found out that it was about 3.68%. gupta searched for wal-mart beta in bloomberg. bloomberg estimates betas by regressing the s& p 500 returns on the firm returns over the past two years and arrives at a “raw” beta estimate. bloomberg makes an adjustment in raw beta based on some academic research. gupta is confident that bloomberg adjustment is justified and she uses wal-mart beta estimate of 0.66 in her analysis.while gupta is aware of the importance of emrp assumption, she thinks that bloomberg’s historical estimate of 5.05% is a safe assumption. she is aware of the fact that some studies suggest a larger risk premium of approximately six per cent, while others suggest a much lower forward-looking premium of less than four per cent. she is mindful of the arbitrariness of her assumption, and she takes a note to revisit this issue if her valuations produce unreasonable estimates.anticipated dividend growth (g) is often estimated in a variety of ways.first, observed historical dividend growth can be assumed to continue in a perpetual fashion.second, future dividend growth can be estimated on the basis of recent estimates of analysts.gupta noted that the consensus annual wal-mart dividend for fiscal year 2011 was $1.21, and one respected analyst had estimated the expected constant dividend growth (in perpetuity) at approximately 3%.as the chart suggests, both earnings and dividend growth rates are declining but they seem to be higher than the “respected analyst’s” estimates. gupta decides to use several alternative perpetual growth assumptions to see the impact on price. since gupta decided to use variants of dividend discount model (ddm), she checked the anticipated earnings for 2011. analyst’s estimates suggested $4.10 earnings per share. gupta decided to use 10% growth rate from 2011 to 2012 and assumed a steady decline to 3% in 13 years (until 2024) where the perpetual growth rate of 3% resumes. she also assumed that walmart will increase its dividend payout ratio from 30% to 55% from years 2012 to 2024. you are asked to reproduce gupta’s analysis of multi-stage growth model and double check her valuation by using an earnings multiple. you have all the data you need to conduct the multi stage discounted growth model analysis, but you will need to do some research about the multiples valuation.

Part two of threewhich accurately describes a cause for inflation? the federal reserve requires banks to keep more money on reserve. the federal reserve raises interest rates and slows economic activity. the government places too much money into circulation. the government places too little money into circulation. what are consequences of rapid inflation? (select all that apply.) savings accounts become less desirable because interest earned is lower than inflation individual purchasing power increases, which results in an increase in demand. individual purchasing power decreases, which results in a decrease in demand. people postpone purchasing expensive items, such as homes, until prices drop.how does the federal reserve stabilize and safeguard the nation’s economy? (select all that apply.) it distributes currency and oversees fiscal conditions. it implements american monetary policy. it regulates banks and defends consumer credit rights. it regulates and oversees the nasdaq stock exchange. what are functions of the federal reserve? (select all that apply.) it offers financial services within the government. it creates us coins. it prints us dollars. it enters us currency into circulation.how does the federal reserve bank fit into the balance of power among the three branches of the federal government established by the constitution? the chair of the federal reserve is appointed by the president and approved by the senate. the chair of the federal reserve is elected by popular vote. the chair of the federal reserve is appointed by congress and approved by the supreme court. the chair of the federal reserve is appointed in a secret meeting.who appoints the board of governors of the federal reserve system? the us president the us supreme court the us house of representatives the us senatewhy is federal oversight crucial to the operation of the federal reserve bank? the federal reserve is the nation’s central banking system. the federal reserve controls the nomination of legislators to committees. the federal reserve funds mandatory government expenditures. the federal reserve sets rules and regulations for the new york stock exchange.what is the government accountability office (gao)? an independent agency that answers to congress and audits the federal reserve an internal review agency of the federal reserve used to promote its mission a government agency that answers to congress and audits the united states mint a private agency that advises the dent about fiscal policyhow does the law of comparable advantage lead to international trade? countries that do not engage in trade are in a stronger position economically than countries that do trade. countries that cannot produce products efficiently have to trade for the goods and services that other countries have. countries that have more resources are able to trade for a wider variety of items that can be offered for sale. countries make products they can produce efficiently and are able to get the rest of what they need through trade.when might a country produce a product even though it cannot do so efficiently? (select all that apply.) to ensure national security to minimize the sale of exports to ensure a trade deficit to increase the balance of trade