An economy of scope is best illustrated by being able to eliminate or reduce costs by

A. Combing related value-chain activities of diffrent businesses into a single operation
b. performing all of the value chain activities of related sister businesses a the same location
c. extending the firms scope of operations over a wider geographic area
d. expanding the size of a company's manufacturing plants
e. having more value chain activities performed in house rather than outsourcing them

Which of the following are considered needs? check all that apply

Examine the following book-value balance sheet for university products inc. the preferred stock currently sells for $30 per share and pays a dividend of $3 a share. the common stock sells for $16 per share and has a beta of 0.9. there are 2 million common shares outstanding. the market risk premium is 9%, the risk-free rate is 5%, and the firm’s tax rate is 40%. book-value balance sheet (figures in $ millions) assets liabilities and net worth cash and short-term securities $ 2.0 bonds, coupon = 6%, paid annually (maturity = 10 years, current yield to maturity = 8%) $ 5.0 accounts receivable 3.0 preferred stock (par value $15 per share) 3.0 inventories 7.0 common stock (par value $0.20) 0.4 plant and equipment 21.0 additional paid-in stockholders’ equity 13.6 retained earnings 11.0 total $ 33.0 total $ 33.0 a. what is the market debt-to-value ratio of the firm? (do not round intermediate calculations. enter your answer as a percent rounded to 2 decimal places.) b. what is university’s wacc? (do not round intermediate calculations. enter your answer as a percent rounded to 2 decimal places.)

Consider the scenario below and let us know if you believe lauren smith's actions to be ethical. let us know why or why not. lauren smith is the controller for sports central, a chain of sporting goods stores. she has been asked to recommend a site for a new store. lauren has an uncle who owns a shopping plaza in the area of town where the new store is to be located, so she decides to contact her uncle about leasing space in his plaza. lauren also contacted several other shopping plazas and malls, but her uncle’s store turned out to be the most economical place to lease. therefore, lauren recommended locating the new store in her uncle’s shopping plaza. in making her recommendation to management, she did not disclose that her uncle owns the shopping plaza. if management decided to go with lauren's uncle's plaza, what additional information would be needed in the financial statements?