Consider the following data: equilibrium price = $15, quantity of output produced = 10,000 units, average total cost = $12, and average variable cost $7. Given this data, total revenue is , total cost is , and total fixed cost is .

Which of the following is a competitive benefit experienced by the first mover firm in an industry? a. the first mover will be able to achieve a less steep learning curve. b. the first mover will be able to reduce the switching costs. c. the first mover will not have to patent its products or technology. d. the first mover will be able to reduce costs through economies of scale.