In Q1 2018, CNA Companies reports the following transactions:

Capital expenditures of $15 million
Loss on sale of equipment of $6 million
Debt principal repayment of $8 million
Preferred dividend of $2 million
Common dividend of $3 million
Share buyback of $4 million
Ignoring the effect of taxes, what is the impact of these transactions on retained earnings?

A. ($9 million)
B. ($11 million)
C. ($16 million)
D. ($38 million)

8. agreement and disagreement among economists suppose that bob, an economist from a university in arizona, and cho, an economist from a public television program, are arguing over saving incentives. the following dialogue shows an excerpt from their debate: cho: i think it's safe to say that, in general, the savings rate of households in today's economy is much lower than it really needs to be to sustain an improvement in living standards. bob: i think a switch from the income tax to a consumption tax would bring growth in living standards. cho: you really think households would change their saving behavior enough in response to this to make a difference? because i don't. the disagreement between these economists is most likely due to . despite their differences, with which proposition are two economists chosen at random most likely to agree? rent ceilings reduce the quantity and quality of available housing. immigrants receive more in government benefits than they contribute in taxes. having a single income tax rate would improve economic performance.