Read the following scenario, and then answer the question below.

Olivia walks to a coworker’s empty desk to borrow a pen and sees that the coworker has an open e-mail confirming her last paycheck deposit. Olivia reads the e-mail. She is upset to learn that the coworker makes more than she does. She tells her best friend her coworker’s salary in an e-mail.

Which principles of Internet etiquette is Olivia breaking?
not sending repeated, unwanted e-mails
avoid engaging in angry online chats
respecting others by not shouting
protecting the privacy of others

Reliability and validity reliability and validity are two important considerations that must be made with any type of data collection. reliability refers to the ability to consistently produce a given result. in the context of psychological research, this would mean that any instruments or tools used to collect data do so in consistent, reproducible ways. unfortunately, being consistent in measurement does not necessarily mean that you have measured something correctly. to illustrate this concept, consider a kitchen scale that would be used to measure the weight of cereal that you eat in the morning. if the scale is not properly calibrated, it may consistently under- or overestimate the amount of cereal that’s being measured. while the scale is highly reliable in producing consistent results (e.g., the same amount of cereal poured onto the scale produces the same reading each time), those results are incorrect. this is where validity comes into play. validity refers to the extent to which a given instrument or tool accurately measures what it’s supposed to measure. while any valid measure is by necessity reliable, the reverse is not necessarily true. researchers strive to use instruments that are both highly reliable and valid.

(a) what was the opportunity cost of non-gm food for many buyers before 2008? (b) why did they prefer the alternative? (c) what was the opportunity cost in 2008? (d) why did it change?

Which of the following has the largest impact on opportunity cost