The U. S. penny is made primarily of zinc. There have been several times in recent years when zinc prices have been high and it has cost the U. S. Treasury more than one cent to manufacture a penny. There are currently about 1.4 billion pennies in circulation. Economist François Velde of the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago has proposed making the current penny worth 5 cents.
Source: Austan Goolsbee, "Now That a Penny Isn't Worth Much, It's Time to Make It Worth 5 Cents," New York Times, February 1, 2007. The effect of this proposal would cause the value of M1.

Craig complained to his friend jess that a class was too hard and he believed that the teacher was not being fair with his grading standards. jess replied, "craig, you really have an attitude problem." what is the relationship between the manner that the term attitude is used in common conversation and the how it is defined in consumer behavior? there is no relationship. common usage is not the same as attitudes as seen by the researchers who study consumer behavior. the term attitude is widely used in popular culture in much the same way it is used in studying consumer behavior. they are different in that popular culture does not recognize that attitudes are temporary. otherwise the usage is the same. they are similar except that popular culture assumes that attitudes are related to beliefs, and research scientists have shown that there is no such relationship.