A congresswoman from a state with several steel-rod factories explains that it is necessary to impose trade restrictions, such as a tariff, on the steel-rod industry to protect workers in the domestic steel-rod industry. The congresswoman claims that without trade protection, there will be layoffs, causing many U. S. workers in the steel-rod industry to become unemployed. Which of the following justifications is the congresswoman using to argue for the trade restriction on steel rods?

a. National-security argument
b. Unfair-competition argument
c. Using-protection-as-a-bargaining-ch ip argument
d. Infant-industry argument
e. Jobs argument