Although our development of the Keynesian cross in this chapter assumes that taxes are a fixed amount, most countries levy some taxes that rise automatically with national income. (Examples in the United States include the income tax and the payroll tax.) Let’s represent this type of tax system by writing tax revenue (T) as T = T* + tY, where Y is income, T* is a lump‐sum tax, and t is the marginal tax rate. When income rises by $1, the value of new taxes collected is t × $1.
A. How does this tax system change the way consumption responds to changes in GDP?
B. In the Keynesian cross, how does this tax system alter the government-purchase multiplier?
C. In the IS-LM model, how does this tax system alter the slope of the IS curve?

Vulcan flyovers offers scenic overflights of mount st. helens, the volcano in washington state that explosively erupted in 1982. data concerning the company’s operations in july appear below: vulcan flyovers operating data for the month ended july 31 actual results flexible budget planning budget flights (q) 56 56 54 revenue ($350.00q) $ 16,500 $ 19,600 $ 18,900 expenses: wages and salaries ($3,300 + $91.00q) 8,354 8,396 8,214 fuel ($31.00q) 1,904 1,736 1,674 airport fees ($870 + $35.00q) 2,730 2,830 2,760 aircraft depreciation ($11.00q) 616 616 594 office expenses ($240 + $1.00q) 464 296 294 total expense 14,068 13,874 13,536 net operating income $ 2,432 $ 5,726 $ 5,364 the company measures its activity in terms of flights. customers can buy individual tickets for overflights or hire an entire plane for an overflight at a discount. required: 1. prepare a flexible budget performance report for july that includes revenue and spending variances and activity variances.

Your father offers you a choice of $120,000 in 11 years or $48,500 today. use appendix b as an approximate answer, but calculate your final answer using the formula and financial calculator methods. a-1. if money is discounted at 11 percent, what is the present value of the $120,000?

After much consideration, you have chosen cancun over ft. lauderdale as your spring break destination this year. however, spring break is still months away, and you may reverse this decision. which of the following events would prompt you to reverse this decision? a. the marginal cost of going to cancun decreases.b. the marginal cost of going to ft. lauderdale decreases.c. the marginal benefit of going to cancun increases.d. the marginal benefit of going to ft. lauderdale decreases.