Esther and Salim are promoters for Kale Inc. Prior to its incorporation, Esther negotiated several pre-incorporation contracts with Ian, an investor. She signed each contract in the name of Kale Inc. Kale subsequently was incorporated, but the Kale Board of Directors refused to adopt the contracts. Ian later sues Kale, Esther, and Salim on the contracts.
Which of the following statements is true of this case?

a. Only Kale and Esther are liable as Esther, a promoter of Kale, negotiated several pre-incorporation contracts with Ian.
b. Esther is solely liable as she signed each contract in the name of Kale Inc.
c. Kale, Esther, and Salim are liable as they are sued by Ian.
d. Esther and Salim are liable as they are promoters of Kale Inc.

In 2018, laureen is currently single. she paid $2,800 of qualified tuition and related expenses for each of her twin daughters sheri and meri to attend state university as freshmen ($2,800 each for a total of $5,600). sheri and meri qualify as laureen’s dependents. laureen also paid $1,900 for her son ryan’s (also laureen’s dependent) tuition and related expenses to attend his junior year at state university. finally, laureen paid $1,200 for herself to attend seminars at a community college to her improve her job skills.what is the maximum amount of education credits laureen can claim for these expenditures in each of the following alternative scenarios? a. laureen's agi is $45,000.b. laureen’s agi is $95,000.c. laureen’s agi is $45,000 and laureen paid $12,000 (not $1,900) for ryan to attend graduate school (i.e, his fifth year, not his junior year).