Crane Co. incurred research and development costs in 2021 as follows: Materials used in research and development projects $ 945000 Equipment acquired that will have alternate future uses in future research and development projects 2950000 Depreciation for 2021 on above equipment 491666 Personnel costs of persons involved in research and development projects 745000 Consulting fees paid to outsiders for research and development projects 295000 Indirect costs reasonably allocable to research and development projects 220000 $5646666 The amount of research and development costs charged to Crane's 2021 income statement should be

Reliability and validity reliability and validity are two important considerations that must be made with any type of data collection. reliability refers to the ability to consistently produce a given result. in the context of psychological research, this would mean that any instruments or tools used to collect data do so in consistent, reproducible ways. unfortunately, being consistent in measurement does not necessarily mean that you have measured something correctly. to illustrate this concept, consider a kitchen scale that would be used to measure the weight of cereal that you eat in the morning. if the scale is not properly calibrated, it may consistently under- or overestimate the amount of cereal that’s being measured. while the scale is highly reliable in producing consistent results (e.g., the same amount of cereal poured onto the scale produces the same reading each time), those results are incorrect. this is where validity comes into play. validity refers to the extent to which a given instrument or tool accurately measures what it’s supposed to measure. while any valid measure is by necessity reliable, the reverse is not necessarily true. researchers strive to use instruments that are both highly reliable and valid.

If a product goes up in price, and the demand for it drops, that product's demand is a. elastic b. inelastic c. stable d. fixed select the best answer from the choices provided

Susan is a 5th grade teacher and loves getting up every day and going to work to teach her students. this is an example of a. extrinsic value b. interests c. intrinsic value d. external value