Jose started renting a house to Bill for $600 per month beginning February 1, 2019. Bill paid $1,200 on January 15, 2019, which included one month’s rent and one month’s security deposit. The rent is due by the 5th of the month. The lease specifies that the security deposit will also be used as the final month’s rent. Bill pays the rent on the 2nd of each month. Bill also paid $150 for repairs to the air-conditioning system in July and $80 for a roof repair in September. He deducted the amounts from the rent paid to Jose for those months. Bill was unable to pay December’s rent until January of the next year. How much should Jose report as rental income for 2019?

$6,600

Explanation:

Income, although not typically in a taxpayer’s possession, is usually constructively received in the taxable year which is when it is credited to the person's account, or made available so that the person may draw upon it at any time, or could have drawn upon it in the taxable year when the notice of intention to withdraw has already been given.

However, income is not constructively received when the taxpayer’s control of receipt is subject to limitations or restrictions. In this case, the last month’s rent ($600 security deposit) has already been constructively received and is included; but, the rent that was received in January for the December rent has not been constructively received and is therefore not included for a total of $6,600 which was derived from the [$600 deposit which was last month rent + ($600 × 10 months Feb-Nov)].

= $600 + $6000

= $6600

sound is invisible, but sometimes we can feel it. when a kettle-drum is thumped with a stick that time the tight drum skin moving up and down very quickly for some time and then it pumped sound waves into the air. loudspeakers also work in a similar manner.

components of a speaker:

electromagnet

in order to translate an electrical signal into an audible sound, an electromagnet is used in looudspeakers

  suspension

suspension is used to   center the voice coil in the gap of the magnet and it exerts a restoring force to keep it there. suspension is used to limits the maximum mechanical excursion of the diaphragm and voice coil.

voice coil

voice coil is a coil of wire which is attached to the apex of a loudspeaker cone. it provides the motive force to the cone by the reaction of a magnetic field to the current passing through it.

cone

in a   loudspeaker, a   thin, semi-rigid membrane attached to the voice coil, which moves in a magnetic gap due to which it vibrates   and produced sound. it is known as diaphragm and it can also be called a cone, though not all speaker diaphragms are cone-shaped.

surround

surround is also known as front suspension. surround is used to join the cone to the chassis. together with the suspension it controls the cone excursion, and it is also used to   determine how energy which is   travelling through the cone is absorbed, and how the speaker limits when it reaches the ends of its travel.

dustcap

dustcap is used to protect the voice coil from dust and dirt. it is a part of the cone.

how speaker work

the outer part of the cone is fastened to the outer part of the loudspeaker's circular metal rim. the inner part is fixed to   voice coil that sits just in front of a permanent magnet . when loudspeaker is hooked up to a stereo, electrical signals feed through the speaker cables into the coil. it will convert the coil into an electromagnet magnet . when electricity flows back and forth in the cables, the electromagnet either repels or attract the permanent magnet. this moves the coil back and forth, and it pull and push the loudspeaker cone. like a drum skin vibrating back and forth, the moving cone pumps sounds out into the air.in this way loudspeakers works.

d. automatic stabilizers.

explanation: