g Price changes from year to year are not proportional, and consumers respond to these changes by altering their spending patterns. The problem this creates for inflation calculations is called a. deflation. b. inflation. c. unmeasured quality change. d. substitution bias.

d. substitution bias.

Explanation:

Price changes from year to year are not proportional, and consumers respond to these changes by altering their spending patterns. The problem this creates for inflation calculations is called substitution bias.

A problem with the Consumer Price Index (CPI) arises from the singular fact that, when the price level of a product becomes relatively less expensive or lower, consumers tend to buy more quantity of the product and consequently, a lesser quantity of goods that are relatively more expensive.

Hence, their spending pattern changes with respect to the prices but it's not completely adjusted with the Consumer Price Index (CPI), thus, making the inflation rate to differ because of the problem of substitution bias.

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