Gamma, Inc. has struggled for industry dominance with Ardent, Inc. its main competitor, for years. Gamma has gathered and analyzed large amounts of competitive intelligence about Ardent. It has observed as much of the firm’s internal functioning and technology as it can legally, yet Gamma cannot understand why Ardent has a competitive advantage over it. The source of Ardent’s success is:

Casual Ambiguity

Explanation:

Based on the information provided within the question it is most likely that the source of Ardent's success is Casual Ambiguity. This refers to the situation where it is nearly impossible to relate the effects of something to its initial states or causes. Such as Ardent's ability to acquire so much success or a competitive advantage over its competitors. This also occurs with the development of the prices of shares, options, futures, and similar products on exchanges

by knowing conditionality

explanation:

answer; /// egg production using the factory technique falls less than with the free range technique;