Hawar International is a shipping firm with a current share price of $5.50 and 10 million shares outstanding. Suppose Hawar announces plans to lower its corporate taxes by borrowing $20 million and repurchasing shares. a) With perfect capital markets, what will the share price be after this announcement?

Suppose that Hawar pays a corporate tax rate of 30%, and that shareholders expect the change in debt to be permanent.

b) If the only imperfection is corporate tax rate of 30%, what will the share price be after this announcement?

c) Suppose the only imperfections are corporate taxes and financial distress costs. If the share price rises to $5.75 after this announcement, what is the PV of financial distress costs Hawar will incur as the result of this new debt?

a. $5.50

b. $6.1

c. $3,500,000

Explanation:

a. From the question, we are informed that Hawar International is a shipping firm with a current share price of $5.50 and 10 million shares outstanding and that Hawar announces plans to lower its corporate taxes by borrowing $20 million and repurchasing shares.

We are informed that Hawar announces plans to lower its corporate taxes by borrowing $20 million and repurchasing shares. This is a transaction and therefore, the value if the share won't be changed. So, the value for the share will still be $5.50.

b. If the only imperfection is corporate tax rate of 30%, the share price after this announcement will be:

= [30% × (20million/10million)] + $5.50

= [0.3 × 2] + $5.50

= $0.6 + $5.50

= $6.1

Therefore, the share price be after this announcement will be $6.1.

c. If the share price rises to $5.75 after this announcement, the PV of financial distress costs Hawar will incur as the result of this new debt will be:

= ($6.1 - $5.75) × 10,000,000

= $0.35 × 10,000,000

= $3,500,000

ans.

heterothermic organisms include those organisms that can switch between homeothermic (having body temperature higher than environment) and poikilothermic (having variation in internal body temperature) strategies.

some migratory birds show heterothermy as they decrease their metabolic rate during cold nights to keep their body temperature low. drop in metabolic rate allows increase in production efficiency of birds that reduces the internal body temperature to make it equal to external cold temperature during cold nights.

thus, the correct answer is 'birds allow their temperature drop in order to increase their production efficiency.'