Bottum Corporation, a manufacturing Corporation, has provided data concerning its operations for May. The beginning balance in the raw materials account was $24,000 and the ending balance was $44,000. Raw materials purchases during the month totaled $71,000. Manufacturing overhead cost incurred during the month was $115,000, of which $2,800 consisted of raw materials classified as indirect materials. The direct materials cost for May was:

Explain whether each of the following events increases or decreases the money supply. a. the fed buys bonds in open-market operations. b. the fed reduces the reserve requirement. c. the fed increases the interest rate it pays on reserves. d. citibank repays a loan it had previously taken from the fed. e. after a rash of pickpocketing, people decide to hold less currency. f. fearful of bank runs, bankers decide to hold more excess reserves. g. the fomc increases its target for the federal funds rate.