The involvement by a company in more than one of the activities in the entire value chain from development through production, distribution, sales, and after-sales service is called . opportunity cost vertical integration relevant cost avoidable cost

vertical integration

Explanation: The integrating (to include as a constituent part or functionality) of successive stages in the production and marketing process under the ownership or control of a single management organization is known as vertical integration. As such, such a firm is usually involved in various activities in the entire value chain. This helps it reduce costs, ensure tighter quality control, as well as ensuring a better flow and control of information across the value chain.

answer; the above statement is (true);