Exercise 7-9 Variable and Absorption Costing Unit Product Costs and Income Statements [LO7-1, LO7-2, LO7-3] Walsh Company manufactures and sells one product. The following information pertains to each of the company’s first two years of operations:
Variable costs per unit:
Manufacturing:
Direct materials $ 25
Direct labor $ 15
Variable manufacturing overhead $5
Variable selling and administrative $2
Fixed costs per year:
Fixed manufacturing overhead $250,000
Fixed selling and administrative expenses $80,000
During its first year of operations, Walsh produced 50,000 units and sold 40,000 units. During its second year of operations, it produced 40,000 units and sold 50,000 units. The selling price of the company’s product is $60 per unit.
Required:
1. Assume the company uses variable costing:
a. Compute the unit product cost for Year 1 and Year 2.
b. Prepare an income statement for Year 1 and Year 2.
2. Assume the company uses absorption costing:
a. Compute the unit product cost for Year 1 and Year 2.
b. Prepare an income statement for Year 1 and Year 2.
3. Reconcile the difference between variable costing and absorption costing net operating income in Year 1.

1 a. Year 1 unit product cost = 45

     Year 2 unit product cost = 45

Notes: Unit product cost = Direct materials + direct labor + Variable manufacturing overhead = 25 + 15 + 5 = 45 units

1 b.                        Income statement

                                                     Year 1           Year 2

Sales                                         2,400,000    3,000,000

(40000*60); (50000*60)

Less:

Variable cost of goods sold     1,800,000     2,250,000    

Variable selling and adm.          80,000         100,000

Contribution margin                520,000        650,000

Less:

Fixed manufacturing overhead  250,000      250,000    

Fixed selling & adm expense      80,000         80,000

Net income                                  $190,000     $320,000

2 a.  Notes

                                                             Year 1   Year 2

Direct materials                                      25     25  

Direct labor                                              15     15  

Variable manufacturing overhead         5         5  

Fixed manufacturing overhead             5      6.25

(250,000/50,000); (250,000/40000)

Unit product cost                                    50    51.25

b.                                 Income statement

                                              Year 1         Year 2

Sales                                   2400000    3000000

Less: cost of goods sold   2000000    2550000

Gross margin                      400,000     450,000

Less: Selling and                160,000 180,000

administrative expense  

Net income                         240,000     270,000

Workings

Cost of goods sold for year 2 = (10,000* 50) + (40000 * 51.25)

= 500,000 + 2,050,000

= 25,500,000

3. Reconciliation                                Year 1          Year 2

Variable costing net operating        190,000      320,000

income (loss)    

Add: Deferred fixed overhead          50,000

in ending inventory (10000*5)  

Less: Fixed overhead realized                             -50,000

in beginning inventory(10000*5)

Absorption costing net operating   $240,000    270,000

income (loss)  

cognitive overload: having a lot on your mind impairs decision-making and tends to result in the simplest, but not necessarily best, option being selected.

empathy gaps: overlooking how you might feel in a different situation can result in unnecessary purchases, such as overbuying when shopping for food on an empty stomach.

optimism and overconfidence: wearing rose-tinted glasses and having unrealistic expectations about the future can affect money management and leave you unprepared for a change in circumstance.

instant gratification: seeking instant gratification drives impulsive spending and can undermine long-term planning and savings.

harmful habits: automatic or mindless behaviour can amplify a poor financial decision as it becomes a recurring event.

social norms: we are heavily influenced by the actions of others; while this can be in certain circumstances, it also contributes to the pressure to keep up with the joneses through conspicuous consumption.

you can put this in your 11 sentence summary

" most of the money would be invested in innovation, economic convergence."