Suppose that a country has no public debt in year 1 but experiences a budget deficit of billion in year 2, a budget surplus of billion in year 3, a budget surplus of billion in year 4, and a budget deficit of billion in year 5. A) What is the absolute size of its public debt in year 4?
B) If its real GDP in year 4 is $104 billion, what is this country's public debt as a percentage of real GDP in year 4?

Dr. dow jones wants to know whether a problem-based approach to teaching economics will result in higher academic performance than his traditional method. of the six sections of economics 101 at his university, dr. jones randomly assigns three sections to the traditional method and three sections to the problem-based method for unit 1 of the course. then all sections switch the instructional method for unit 2. he plans to compare the performance of the two groups of sections on their unit 1 and unit 2 exams. this study employs a design.

Wren pork company uses the value basis of allocating joint costs in its production of pork products. relevant information for the current period follows: product pounds price/lb. loin chops 3,000 $ 5.00 ground 10,000 2.00 ribs 4,000 4.75 bacon 6,000 3.50 the total joint cost for the current period was $43,000. how much of this cost should wren pork allocate to loin chops?

Why are the four primary service outputs of spatial convenience, lot size, waiting time, and product variety important to logistics management? provide examples of competing firms that differ in the level of each service output provided to customers?