An access control strategy that gives a user or group of users only those powers which are absolutely essential to do the job required is called the:

Principle of least privilege

Explanation:

Principle of least privilege is a data management strategy that allows users access only to resources that are absolutely required to perform their functuons.

Lowest clearance level is given to uers so it is also called least privilege.

Transactions that requires resources not available to the user needs authorisation by someone with higher access level, for example a supervisor.

Some operating systems also provide default privilege settings for different types of user accounts

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