Determine the amount of the 2018 standard deduction allowed in the following independent situations. In each case, assume the taxpayer is claimed as another person's dependent. Amount of the
Standard Deduction
a. Mason, aged 18, reports income as follows: $1,900 from a paper route and $10,800 from repairing computers. $
b. Emma, aged 17, records income as follows: $950 in cash dividends from a stock investment, $5,100 from providing dance lessons, and $1,700 from babysitting. $
c. Samuel, aged 13, incurs income as follows: $100 interest on a bank savings account and $500 from mowing neighbors' lawns. $
d. Gabriel, aged 22, reports income as follows: $300 in cash dividends from a stock investment. $
e. Elijah, aged 65, incurs income as follows: $12,000 from Social Security and $5,200 in wages from a part-time job.

Alarge university wanted to study the relationship between completing an internship during college and students' future earning potential. prom the same graduating class, they selected a random sample of 80 students who completed an internship and 100 students who did not complete an internship and examined their salaries five years after graduation. they found that there was a statistically higher mean salary for the internship group than for the noninternship group. which of the following interpretations is the most appropriate? a. there could be a confounding variable, such as student major, that explains the difference in mean salary between the internship and no internship groups.b. we cannot infer anything from these data since the distribution of salaries is likely right skewed.c. you cannot draw any valid conclusions because the sample sizes are different.d. more students should complete internships because having an internship produces a higher salary.