Myrna and geoffrey filed a joint tax return in 2015. Their agi was $85,000, and itemized deductions were $13,700, which included $4,000 in state income tax. In 2016, they received a $1,800 refund of the state income taxes that they paid in 2015. The standard deduction for married filing jointly in 2015 was $12,600

Explanation:

The recovery is included in gross income in the year received if a taxpayer obtains a deduction for an item in one year and in a later year recovers all or a portion of the prior deduction.

Therefore, the $ 111 tax benefit rule provides that no income is recognized upon the recovery of deduction, the recovery would be partially or totally excluded from gross income in the year of recovery.

The standard deduction in 2016 was $ 12,600, the  4,000$ of state income taxes the taxpayers paid in 2016 yielded a tax benefit of only $1,100($ 13,700-$ 12,600) in 2016 . Under tax benefit rule, only $ 1,100 of the state income tax refund is included in gross income in 2017 .

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the business rule that governs the relationship is one-to-many as there are multiple customers for each agent.

88 because 4 plus 4 equals 8. 40 plus 40 equals 80. 80 plus 8 equals 88