What are three techniques stockholders can use to motivate managers to maximize their stock’s long-run price? Should managers focus directly on the stock’s actual market price or its intrinsic value, or are both important? Explain.

Please see below.

Explanation:

a.

• Reasonable compensation package. Every stockholders would usually want a good return on their investments. One of the techniques that can be used by them is to offer good and reasonable compensation packages to the company's highly performing executives and managers. The aim is to spur them to act in the best interest of the stockholders and not themselves. This will also translate to better performance of the company.

• Firing of managers who don't perform well. If a company's stock is not performing well(does not appreciate), such would usually be tied to its board and managers. Stockholders are the owners of a company because their funds are being used to trade hence can threaten to replace or actually replace any manager who is not performing well. By so doing, the managers that are retained will be motivated to perform really well in order to retain their jobs hence translate to better company performance.

• Threat of hostile take over. Stockholders could also threaten a company's board of being taken over by a proven and well accomplished company , if their stock price does not improve overtime. When the managers or board realize that their job is being threatened, they will be motivated to act fast by ensuring that the company's stocks yield adequate return in the long run.

b.

What should be paramount to managers is how to ensure that their company's intrinsic stocks value(an estimate of the true value of a stock, that is premised on well calculated risk) are well maximized. The stockholders should also be carried along while this process is on going. By maximizing their stock's intrinsic value, such would bring about high value to the stocks, while as time goes on, the actual stock price will be much closer to the intrinsic value of the stocks.

match each type of restriction with one of its effects.

a. land-use laws

b. labor laws

c. banking regulations

a. controlled development of towns and cities

b. protection of young workers

c. greater financial stability

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