A vertical aggregate supply curve: a. Reflects the inflexibility of prices and wages.
b. Implies that aggregate demand shifts have no impact on output.
c. Implies that supply-side policies will have no effect on the macro equilibrium.
d. Is likely in the short run.

B. Implies that aggregate demand shifts have no impact on output.

Explanation:

This is a graphical representation that shows the total supply of an economy at different price levels. Generally in economics, it is known to slope upwards. And also what determines the quantities. During the long run, analyzing these forces that govern long-run growth, we did not need to make any reference to the overall level of prices. We learned that if two economies were identical except that one had twice as much money in circulation as the other, the price level would be twice as high in the economy with more money, but the output of goods and services would be the same.