Data. So-102:X= 116, 1 + r= 1.08. The two possibilities for ST are 150 and 82. a. The range of S is 68 while that of P is 34 across the two states. What is the hedge ratio of the put?b. Form a portfolio of one shares of stock and two puts. What is the (nonrandom) payoff to this portfolio?

Which of the following pairs is most similar to each other? a. barter goods and fiat money b. digital money and barter goods c. fiat money and digital money d. commodity money and digital money

Suppose someone wants to sell a piece of land for cash. the selling of a piece of land represents turning

Reliability and validity reliability and validity are two important considerations that must be made with any type of data collection. reliability refers to the ability to consistently produce a given result. in the context of psychological research, this would mean that any instruments or tools used to collect data do so in consistent, reproducible ways. unfortunately, being consistent in measurement does not necessarily mean that you have measured something correctly. to illustrate this concept, consider a kitchen scale that would be used to measure the weight of cereal that you eat in the morning. if the scale is not properly calibrated, it may consistently under- or overestimate the amount of cereal that’s being measured. while the scale is highly reliable in producing consistent results (e.g., the same amount of cereal poured onto the scale produces the same reading each time), those results are incorrect. this is where validity comes into play. validity refers to the extent to which a given instrument or tool accurately measures what it’s supposed to measure. while any valid measure is by necessity reliable, the reverse is not necessarily true. researchers strive to use instruments that are both highly reliable and valid.