What is the difference between direct e-mailing and spam ?

Which of the following mechanisms would be most likely to motivate managers to act in the best interests of shareholders? a) decrease the use of restrictive covenants in bond agreements, b) take actions that reduce the possibility of a hostile takeover, c) elect a board of directors that allows managers greater freedom of action, d) increase the proportion of executive compensation that comes from stock options and reduce the proportion that is paid as cash salaries, e) eliminate a requirement that members of the board directors have a substantial investment in the firm's stocks

Tiana daniels enterprise’s trial balance as at december 31, 2016 did not balance. on february 15, 2017 the following errors were detected: errorsi. water rates had been undercast by $2, 000.  ii. a cheque paid to yvonne walch of $2, 680 had been posted to the credit side of her account.  iii. discount received total of $1, 260 had been posted to the debit side of the discount allowed account as $1, 620.  iv. rent paid in the amount of $24, 000 had been posted to the credit of the rent received account.  v. wayne returned goods valuing $1, 680 to daniels enterprise but had been completely omitted from the books.    required: 1. prepare the journal entries to correct the errors.  (narrations required)                    14.5 marks  2.    prepare the suspense account showing clearly the original trial balance error.          8 marks

Which of these is not a result of regular exercise