Develop a conceptual model for the scenario below. Incidence of smoking in movies has started to increase again, after having declined for several decades.
According to the National Cancer Institute, smoking is seen in at least three out of four contemporary
box‐office hits. What’s more, identifiable cigarette brands appeared in about one‐third of all movies in

2008. Exposure to smoking in movies is an important predictor of adolescent smoking initiation: smok-
ing in movies has been shown to affect adolescents’ intentions to start smoking. In turn, the intentions

to start smoking are determined by a more positive attitude toward smoking after seeing a film charac-
ter smoke. Recent research has revealed that the relationship between seeing a film character smoke and

the attitude toward smoking is stronger when a person’s identification with a film character increases.
These findings are consistent with social learning theory, which predicts that attitudes and behaviors
are modeled by observing the behaviors of others.

Risk is the risk of a decline in a bond's value due to an increase in interest rates. this risk is higher on bonds that have long maturities than on bonds that will mature in the near future. risk is the risk that a decline in interest rates will lead to a decline in income from a bond portfolio. this risk is obviously high on callable bonds. it is also high on short-term bonds because the shorter the bond's maturity, the fewer the years before the relatively high old-coupon bonds will be replaced with new low-coupon issues. which type of risk is more relevant to an investor depends on the investor's , which is the period of time an investor plans to hold a particular investment. longer maturity bonds have high risk but low risk, while higher coupon bonds have a higher level of risk and a lower level of risk. to account for the effects related to both a bond's maturity and coupon, many analysts focus on a measure called , which is the weighted average of the time it takes to receive each of the bond's cash flows. conceptual question: which of the following bonds would have the largest duration? a)10year-zero coupon bonds b)10year-7% annual coupon bonds c)10year-3% annual coupon bonds d)5year-3% annual coupon bonds e)3year-7% annual coupon bonds