4. Alicia is a local personal trainer and owns a fitness studio. She has invested significant time, money, and effort into building her studio’s reputation—as well as her own—in the community. Alicia starts hearing rumors of an owner of a larger fitness center posting derogatory comments about her online. Which tort law is the fitness center owner violating? Describe the law and give two examples of comments that could have been posted.

Why does an organization prepare a balance sheet? a. to reveal what the organization owns and owes at a point in time b. to reveal how well the company utilizes its cash c. to calculate retained earnings for a given accounting period d. to calculate gross profit for a given accounting period

Reliability and validity reliability and validity are two important considerations that must be made with any type of data collection. reliability refers to the ability to consistently produce a given result. in the context of psychological research, this would mean that any instruments or tools used to collect data do so in consistent, reproducible ways. unfortunately, being consistent in measurement does not necessarily mean that you have measured something correctly. to illustrate this concept, consider a kitchen scale that would be used to measure the weight of cereal that you eat in the morning. if the scale is not properly calibrated, it may consistently under- or overestimate the amount of cereal that’s being measured. while the scale is highly reliable in producing consistent results (e.g., the same amount of cereal poured onto the scale produces the same reading each time), those results are incorrect. this is where validity comes into play. validity refers to the extent to which a given instrument or tool accurately measures what it’s supposed to measure. while any valid measure is by necessity reliable, the reverse is not necessarily true. researchers strive to use instruments that are both highly reliable and valid.

If a government accumulates chronic budget deficits over time, what's one possible result? a. a collective action problem b. a debt crisis c. regulatory capture d. an unfunded liability